National Treasure Castle Stands near Lake Biwa, Japan's Largest Lake in Shiga Prefecture

Hikone Castle stands on a hill in central Hikone City. Built as the seat of the Ii clan, it was originally almost entirely surrounded by the water of Lake Biwa. A visit to the castle is a fascinating experience. The path climbs steeply through a variety of ingenious fortifications, from simple expedients such as uneven steps to a collapsible bridge. You can also keep an eye out for all the ways the builders planned for defense of the castle. These include a spiral ramp to the entrance that made attackers easy targets, as well as artfully hidden openings in the walls for archers' arrows. There are waterfowl in the moats, and woodland birds in the forest on the hillsides. From the flat hilltop, you can see all of Hikone City, the vast expanse of Lake Biwa, and the mountain ranges that surround Shiga. Climb the vertiginous steps inside the castle tower, and you can look down on the castle defenses, as well as the pretty traditional garden created for the enjoyment of the feudal lords.

The views reflect the changing seasons, with white-capped mountains in winter, massed ranks of cherry blossoms in spring, and colorful foliage in autumn. At the end of the feudal period, Hikone Castle was planned to be demolished, but Emperor Meiji found it so charming it was spared from destruction. Hikone Castle is almost unchanged from when it was first built. It took 20 years to complete, but the castle has stood for 400 years without suffering significant damage. It is one of only five castles in Japan whose main tower is original and listed as a National Treasure which means you'll see the castle just as the feudal lords who lived there did. It took 20 years to build, and you'll understand why when you see the detailed architecture and craftsmanship.